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1.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 29(5): e2020061, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, ColecionaSUS, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1142928

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil das notificações de intoxicação exógena por agrotóxicos no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, no período de 2011 a 2018. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, sobre dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Foram incluídas variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e relacionadas aos agrotóxicos, apresentadas em frequências absoluta e relativa. Resultados: Foram notificados 3.122 casos suspeitos de intoxicação exógena por agrotóxicos. O principal agente tóxico foi o agrotóxico de uso agrícola (60%). Pulverização (42%) e diluição (18%) revelaram-se as atividades de maior exposição ao agrotóxico. A residência foi o principal local de ocorrência (59%), e a contaminação acidental (40%), o principal motivo da intoxicação. A maioria das intoxicações foi do tipo aguda-única (82%) e a avaliação clínica (61%), foi o critério mais utilizado para o diagnóstico. Conclusão: No Rio Grande do Sul, a maior parte dos registros de intoxicação exógena por agrotóxicos relacionaram-se a seu modelo de produção agrícola.


Objetivo: Describir el perfil de las notificaciones de intoxicaciones exógenas por agrotóxicos en Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, de 2011 a 2018. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo que analizó datos del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Notificación. Se incluyeron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y relacionadas con agrotóxicos, presentadas en frecuencia absoluta y relativa. Resultados: Se reportaron 3.122 casos sospechosos de intoxicación exógena por pesticidas. El principal agente tóxico fue el agrotóxico de uso agrícola (60%). Pulverización (42%) y dilución (18%) revelaron ser las actividades con mayor exposición al agrotóxico. La residencia fue el principal sitio de ocurrencia (59%), y la contaminación accidental (40%) la principal razón de la intoxicación. La mayoría de las intoxicaciones fue de tipo aguda-única (82%) y la evaluación clínica (61%) el criterio más utilizado para el diagnóstico. Conclusión: En Rio Grande do Sul, la mayoría de los registros de intoxicación exógena por agrotóxicos estaba relacionado con su modelo de producción agrícola.


Objective: To describe the profile of exogenous pesticide poisoning notifications in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from 2011 to 2018. Methods: This was a descriptive study of data retrieved from the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System. Sociodemographic, clinical and pesticide-related variables were included and presented in absolute and relative frequencies. Results: 3,122 suspected cases of exogenous pesticide poisoning were reported. The main toxic agent was pesticide for agricultural use (60%). Spraying (42%) and dilution (18%) proved to be the activities with greatest pesticide exposure. Most pesticide poisoning occurred at home (59%), and accidental contamination (40%) was the main cause of poisoning. Most poisoning was of the acute single kind (82%) and clinical evaluation (61%) was the criterion most used for diagnosis. Conclusion: Most of records of exogenous pesticide poisoning in Rio Grande do Sul were related to its agricultural production model.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pesticides/poisoning , Poisoning/epidemiology , Agrochemicals/poisoning , Brazil/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Disease Notification/statistics & numerical data , Agriculture/statistics & numerical data
2.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 54: 73, 2020. tab
Article in English | BBO, LILACS | ID: biblio-1127237

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze how the profile of food purchases from family farming under the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) is related to socioeconomic and demographic indicators in Brazilian capitals. METHODS This cross-sectional and descriptive study was based on secondary data from 2016 and 2017 from the Brazilian government. We used demographic and socioeconomic data, as well as the amount of federal funding; the percentage used purchases of food from family farming and the public call notices. RESULTS The capitals in the largest quartile of HDI and funding by the federal government used less than 30% of the resource for the purchase of crops from family farming in 2016. All capitals of the Northern region used more than 30%, while the Southern and Southeastern regions did not comply with the legislation. We highlight that most analyzed food items were in natura. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of this public policy occurs unequally in Brazilian capitals, with greater difficulty in those supposedly with better institutional structure and higher volume of resources destined to the National School Feeding Program. The program, however, maintains its potential for the promotion of adequate and healthy food in schools, due to the quality of food included in public calls.


RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar como o perfil de compra de alimentos da agricultura familiar no âmbito do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar se relaciona com indicadores socioeconômicos e demográficos nas capitais brasileiras. MÉTODOS Este estudo transversal e descritivo foi baseado em dados secundários de 2016 e 2017 do governo brasileiro. Foram utilizados dados demográficos e socioeconômicos, o valor do recurso repassado pelo governo federal, o percentual utilizado para compras de alimentos da agricultura familiar e as chamadas públicas disponíveis. RESULTADOS As capitais no maior quartil de índice de desenvolvimento humano e de recursos repassados pelo governo federal utilizaram menos de 30% do recurso para a compra de gêneros da agricultura familiar em 2016. Todas as capitais da região Norte utilizaram acima de 30%, enquanto as regiões Sul e Sudeste não atenderam à legislação. Destaca-se a presença majoritária de alimentos in natura nas chamadas públicas analisadas. CONCLUSÕES A execução dessa política pública ocorre de forma desigual nas capitais brasileiras, com maior dificuldade naquelas supostamente com melhor estrutura institucional e maior volume de recursos destinados ao Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar, contudo, o programa mantém seu potencial para a promoção da alimentação adequada e saudável nas escolas, em razão da qualidade dos alimentos incluídos nas chamadas públicas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Schools , Agriculture/economics , Food Services/economics , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Agriculture/statistics & numerical data
3.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 35(11): e00004819, 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039413

ABSTRACT

Resumo: O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a adequação da utilização de recursos financeiros para a compra de alimentos provenientes da agricultura familiar no âmbito do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) nas capitais de estados brasileiros e no Distrito Federal. Estudo descritivo, com análise de dados secundários obtidos na página eletrônica do Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento para a Educação (FNDE) no espaço dedicado às informações sobre agricultura familiar. Foram investigados os valores repassados pelo FNDE e percentual utilizado na compra de alimentos da agricultura familiar para aquisição de alimentação escolar em capitais dos estados brasileiros e no Distrito Federal no período de 2011 a 2017. Os dados foram coletados em maio de 2019. Das 27 cidades avaliadas, cerca de um terço (33,3%) apresentou compra acima do mínimo recomendado (30%). A Região Norte cumpriu o recomendado (39,4%) enquanto a Sudeste apresentou a menor porcentagem de compra (6,4%). De 2011 a 2017, percebeu-se aumento nos valores totais investidos e no número de cidades compradoras de alimentos da agricultura familiar. Dentre as capitais avaliadas, Boa Vista (Roraima) foi a que mais utilizou recursos para a aquisição de alimentos da agricultura familiar (56,6%). Em 2017, as prefeituras de Boa Vista e Aracaju (Sergipe) ofereceram contrapartida financeira adicionada aos recursos fornecidos pelo FNDE para a compra desses alimentos. Concluiu-se que, no período de 2011 a 2017, apenas um terço das capitais avaliadas utilizou adequadamente a porcentagem de recursos financeiros para a compra de alimentos da agricultura familiar, embora tenha sido percebido aumento gradual na compra desses alimentos, especialmente nas capitais do Norte e Nordeste do Brasil.


Abstract: The study aimed to verify the adequacy of funds for food purchases from family farming in the scope of the National School Food Program (PNAE) in Brazil's state capitals and the Federal District. This was a descriptive study based on secondary data obtained from the webpage of the National Fund for the Development of Education (FNDE) in the link dedicated to information on family farming. We analyzed the amounts transferred to the FNDE and the percentage used in purchasing foods from family farmers for school meals in the state capitals and Federal District from 2011 to 2017. Data were collected in May 2019. One-third of the 27 cities (33.3%) reported purchases above the minimum recommended level (30%). The North of Brazil complied with the recommended level (39.4%), while the Southeast reported the lowest level (6.4%). There was an increase from 2011 to 2017 in the total amounts invested and in the number of cities that purchased foods from family farming. Boa Vista (Roraima) was the capital that spent the largest share of its school meal funds on foods produced by family farmers (56.6%). In 2017, the local governments in Boa Vista and Aracaju (Sergipe) offered matching funds for the funds transferred from the FNDE for these food purchases. In conclusion, from 2011 to 2017, only one-third of the capital cities adequately used the percentage of funds for purchasing foods from family farming, although there was a gradual increase in the purchase of these foods, especially in the state capitals from North and Northeast Brazil.


Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar la adecuación de la utilización de recursos financieros para la compra de alimentos procedentes de la agricultura familiar, dentro del ámbito del Programa Nacional de Alimentación Escolar (PNAE), en capitales de estados brasileños y en el Distrito Federal. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo con análisis de datos secundarios, obtenidos de la página electrónica del Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo para la Educación (FNDE), dentro de la sección dedicada a la información sobre agricultura familiar. Se investigaron los valores proporcionados por el FNDE y el porcentaje destinado a la compra de alimentos de agricultura familiar para la adquisición en escuelas de capitales de estados brasileños, así como en el Distrito Federal, durante el período de 2011 a 2017. Los datos se recogieron en mayo de 2019. De las 27 ciudades evaluadas, cerca de un tercio (33,3%) presentó una compra por encima del mínimo recomendado (30%). La Región Norte cumplió lo recomendado (39,4%), mientras que la Sudeste presentó el menor porcentaje de compra (6,4%). De 2011 a 2017, se percibió un aumento en los valores totales invertidos y en el número de ciudades compradoras de alimentos procedentes de agricultura familiar. Entre las capitales evaluadas, Boa Vista (Roraima) fue la que más utilizó recursos para la adquisición de alimentos de agricultura familiar (56,6%). En 2017, los ayuntamientos de Boa Vista y Aracaju (Sergipe) ofrecieron una partida financiera adicional, además de los recursos proporcionados por el FNDE, para la compra de estos alimentos. Se concluye que, durante el período de 2011 a 2017, solamente un tercio de las capitales evaluadas utilizó adecuadamente el porcentaje de recursos financieros para la compra de alimentos de la agricultura familiar, aunque se haya percibido un aumento gradual en la compra de estos alimentos, especialmente en las capitales del Norte y Nordeste de Brasil.


Subject(s)
Humans , Schools/economics , Agriculture/economics , Food Services/economics , Food Supply/economics , Brazil , Residence Characteristics , Consumer Behavior/economics , Consumer Behavior/statistics & numerical data , Agriculture/statistics & numerical data , Meals , Farmers/statistics & numerical data , Food Services/legislation & jurisprudence , Food Services/statistics & numerical data , Food Supply/legislation & jurisprudence , Food Supply/statistics & numerical data , Library Schools/statistics & numerical data
4.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 22(10): 3281-3293, Out. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-890161

ABSTRACT

Resumo O uso de agrotóxicos na agricultura brasileira é um problema de saúde pública, dadas as contaminações no ambiente, em alimentos e as intoxicações na saúde humana. Objetivou-se apresentar a distribuição espacial da área plantada de lavouras, consumo de agrotóxicos e agravos à saúde relacionados, como estratégia de Vigilância em Saúde. Obteve-se dados de área plantada de 21 culturas predominantes, indicadores de consumo de agrotóxicos por hectare para cada cultura e agravos à saúde. Espacializou-se o consumo de agrotóxicos nos municípios brasileiros e correlacionou-se às incidências de intoxicações por agrotóxicos: aguda, subaguda e crônica. Constatou-se predomínio dos cultivos de soja, milho e cana, que juntos corresponderam a 76% da área plantada no Brasil em 2015. Pulverizou-se 899 milhões de litros de agrotóxicos nessas lavouras, com Mato Grosso, Paraná e Rio Grande Sul tendo utilizado as maiores quantidades. Os agravos à saúde apresentaram correlações positivas e significativas com o uso de agrotóxicos. A estratégia metodológica possibilitou identificar municípios prioritários para a Vigilância em Saúde e o desenvolvimento de ações intersetoriais de prevenção e mitigação dos impactos dos agrotóxicos na saúde e ambiente.


Abstract The intensive use of pesticides in Brazilian agriculture is a public health issue due to contamination of the environment, food and human health poisoning. The study aimed to show the spatial distribution of the planted area of agricultural crops, the use of pesticides and related health problems, as a Health Surveillance strategy. We obtained data from the planted area of 21 predominant crops, indicators of the consumption of pesticides per hectare for each crop and health problems. The amount of pesticides used in the Brazilian municipalities was spatially distributed and correlated with the incidence of pesticides poisoning: acute, sub-acute and chronic. There was a predominance of soybean, corn and sugar cane crops, which together accounted for 76% of the area planted in Brazil in 2015. Some 899 million liters of pesticides were sprayed in these crops, and Mato Grosso, Paraná and Rio Grande Sul used the largest quantities, respectively. The health problems showed positive and significant correlations with pesticide use. The methodological strategy facilitated the identification of priority municipalities for Health Surveillance and the development of intersectoral actions to prevent and mitigate the impacts of pesticides on health and the environment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pesticides/analysis , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Environmental Health , Public Health , Pesticides/poisoning , Brazil/epidemiology , Agriculture/statistics & numerical data , Environmental Pollution/analysis , Environmental Pollution/adverse effects
5.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 89(3,supl): 2485-2493, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-886819

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Sugarcane growing area in Brazil sharply expanded between 2000 and 2010 due to the increasing world demand for sugar and ethanol. Since this expansion of sugarcane is said to occur in areas covered by degraded pastures, it is likely not threatening the environment or food production. In order to verify this assumption, we investigate at farm and field levels which types of land use sugarcane cropping replaced between 2005 and 2010 and the reasons for farmers shifting or not shifting to sugarcane, as a case study in two counties in the state of Goiás. Within the studied period, sugarcane cropping expansion was related to large farms, lower risk perceived by farmers, and higher profitability compared with soybean and beef cattle-raising. For smallholders, particularly dairy farmers, the need to comply with the set-aside rules under Brazilian Forest Code (Código Florestal Brasileiro) made a shift to sugarcane less attractive, as it would have forced them to reduce farm cultivable area, with loss of incomes. From 30,408 ha under sugarcane surveyed, 45.7% had used to be pastures, 31% had previously been pastures rotated with soybean and maize, and 23.3% had been cropped exclusively with soybean or maize.


Subject(s)
Crops, Agricultural/growth & development , Saccharum/growth & development , Agriculture/economics , Agriculture/legislation & jurisprudence , Agriculture/methods , Agriculture/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Interviews as Topic
6.
Rev. biol. trop ; 64(4): 1661-1682, oct.-dic. 2016. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-958242

ABSTRACT

Abstract:Remote sensing and traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) can be combined to advance conservation of remote tropical regions, e.g. Amazonia, where intensive in situ surveys are often not possible. Integrating TEK into monitoring and management of these areas allows for community participation, as well as for offering novel insights into sustainable resource use. In this study, we developed a 250 m resolution land-cover map of the Western Guyana Shield (Venezuela) based on remote sensing, and used TEK to validate its relevance for indigenous livelihoods and land uses. We first employed a hyper-temporal remotely sensed vegetation index to derive a land classification system. During a 1 300 km, eight day fluvial expedition in roadless areas in the Amazonas State (Venezuela), we visited six indigenous communities who provided geo-referenced data on hunting, fishing and farming activities. We overlaid these TEK data onto the land classification map, to link land classes with indigenous use. We characterized land classes using patterns of greenness temporal change and topo-hydrological information, and proposed 12 land-cover types, grouped into five main landscapes: 1) water bodies; 2) open lands/forest edges; 3) evergreen forests; 4) submontane semideciduous forests, and 5) cloud forests. Each land cover class was identified with a pulsating profile describing temporal changes in greenness, hence we labelled our map as "The Forest Pulse". These greenness profiles showed a slightly increasing trend, for the period 2000 to 2009, in the land classes representing grassland and scrubland, and a slightly decreasing trend in the classes representing forests. This finding is consistent with a gain in carbon in grassland as a consequence of climate warming, and also with some loss of vegetation in the forests. Thus, our classification shows potential to assess future effects of climate change on landscape. Several classes were significantly connected with agriculture, fishing, overall hunting, and more specifically the hunting of primates, Mazama americana, Dasyprocta fuliginosa, and Tayassu pecari. Our results showed that TEK-based approaches can serve as a basis for validating the livelihood relevance of landscapes in high-value conservation areas, which can form the basis for furthering the management of natural resources in these regions. Rev. Biol. Trop. 64 (4): 1661-1682. Epub 2016 December 01.


Resumen:La teledetección y el conocimiento ecológico tradicional (CET) se pueden combinar para avanzar en la conservación de regiones tropicales remotas como la Amazonía, donde la toma de datos intensiva in situ a menudo es imposible. Integrar el CET en el seguimiento y el manejo de estas áreas permite la participación de la comunidad, y ofrece nuevos puntos de vista sobre el uso sostenible de los recursos naturales. En este estudio se desarrolla un mapa de cobertura del suelo del Escudo Guayanés (Venezuela), con una resolución espacial de 250 m, basado en datos de teledetección, y se utiliza el CET para validar su relevancia en relación con la subsistencia de los pueblos indígenas y el uso que éstos hacen del territorio. En primer lugar se ha empleado un índice de vegetación basado en teledetección hiper-temporal para realizar una clasificación del territorio. Durante una expedición fluvial de 8 días, a lo largo de 1 300 km por áreas sin carreteras en el Estado Amazonas (Venezuela), se han visitado seis comunidades que han proporcionado datos geo-referenciados sobre sus actividades cinegéticas, pesqueras y agrícolas. Estos datos de CET se han superpuesto al mapa de clasificación, con el fin de relacionar las clases de coberturas con los usos indígenas. Se han caracterizado las clases de cobertura en función de patrones de cambio temporal del verdor y la topo-hidrografía, y se han propuesto 12 tipos de cobertura del suelo, agrupadas en cinco tipos principales de paisaje: 1) masas de agua; 2) campo abierto/ márgenes del bosque; 3) bosques siempre-verdes; 4) bosques semi-caducifolios submontanos; y 5) bosques nublados. Cada clase de cobertura del suelo se ha identificado con un perfil pulsátil que describe cambios temporales en el verdor, de ahí que el mapa haya sido titulado "El Pulso del Bosque". Estos perfiles de verdor han mostrado una tendencia ligeramente ascendente, durante el periodo 2000 a 2009, en las clases que representan pastizales y zonas de matorral, así como una tendencia ligeramente decreciente en las clases que representan bosques. Este hallazgo es compatible con la ganancia de carbono en los pastizales como consecuencia del calentamiento del clima, y también con una cierta pérdida de vegetación en los bosques. De este modo, nuestra clasificación muestra potencial para la evaluación de efectos futuros del cambio climático sobre el paisaje. Algunas clases han resultado estar significativamente relacionadas con la agricultura, la pesca, la caza como práctica general, y más concretamente con la caza de primates, de Mazama Americana, Dasyprocta fuliginosa, y Tayassu pecari. Los resultados demuestran la utilidad de las aproximaciones basadas en CET como base para validar la importancia del paisaje, en áreas con alto valor de conservación, para la supervivencia de las personas, lo que proporciona una base para avanzar en el manejo de los recursos naturales en estas regiones.


Subject(s)
Humans , Indians, South American/ethnology , Forests , Remote Sensing Technology/methods , Geographic Mapping , Spatio-Temporal Analysis , Ecological Parameter Monitoring/methods , Reference Values , Venezuela/ethnology , Logistic Models , Reproducibility of Results , Conservation of Natural Resources , Grassland , Rivers , Agriculture/statistics & numerical data
7.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 32(4): e00071914, 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-952264

ABSTRACT

Resumo: Estima-se a mortalidade anual por acidentes de trabalho na agropecuária, 2000-2010, no Brasil. Empregou-se o Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM), para identificar os casos. Dados faltantes para ocupação e acidente de trabalho foram recuperados com informações individuais disponíveis, e incorporados casos ao total. Dados da população são dos Censos Demográficos. Foram identificados 8.923 óbitos por acidentes de trabalho, sendo 44,8% destes resultantes da recuperação. Em 2000, a mortalidade bruta por acidentes de trabalho foi estimada em 6,4/100 mil trabalhadores, aumentando para 8,1/100 mil em 2003, quando declinou para 7,3/100 mil em 2010. Entre os homens, "projeções de animais ou veículos de tração animal" foram as circunstâncias mais comuns, mas em mulheres foram as intoxicações por agrotóxicos. A mortalidade geral por acidentes de trabalho na agropecuária foi baixa quando comparada à de outros países, sugerindo sub-registro residual apesar da recuperação, o que requer melhoria da qualidade dos registros. Medidas de prevenção sensíveis a diferenças de gênero são necessárias.


Abstract: This study estimated annual mortality from work-related injuries in agriculture in Brazil, 2000-2010. The Mortality Information System (SIM) was used to identify cases. Missing data for occupation and work-related injuries were retrieved through other available individual records and incorporated into total cases. Population data were obtained from the official censuses. A total of 8,923 deaths from work-related injuries were identified, of which 44.8% were located by data retrieval. In the year 2000, estimated crude mortality from work-related injuries was 6.4/100,000 workers, increasing to 8.1/100,000 in 2003 and declining to 7.3/100,000 in 2010. The leading circumstances of deaths in men involved "riding animals or using animal-drawn vehicles", whereas pesticide poisoning was the leading cause in women. Overall mortality from work-related injuries in agriculture was low when compared to that of other countries, suggesting residual under-recording despite data retrieval and thus calling for quality improvement in records. Gender-sensitive preventive measures are necessary.


Resumen: Se estima la mortalidad anual por accidentes de trabajo en el sector agropecuario, desde el año 2000 al 2010, en Brasil. Se empleó el Sistema de Información sobre Mortalidad (SIM) para identificar los casos. Los datos ausentes sobre ocupación y accidentes de trabajo se recuperaron con la información individual disponible y se incorporaron al total. Los datos de la población son los de los censos demográficos. Se identificaron 8.923 óbitos por accidentes de trabajo, siendo un 44,8% de los mismos resultados del proceso de recuperación. En el 2000, la mortalidad bruta por accidentes de trabajo fue estimada en 6,4/100 mil trabajadores, aumentando en 8,1/100 mil en 2003, cuando descendió hasta 7,3/100 mil en 2010. Entre los hombres, "los accidentes con animales o vehículos de tracción animal" fueron las circunstancias más comunes, pero en mujeres fueron las intoxicaciones por pesticidas. La mortalidad general por accidentes de trabajo en el sector agropecuario fue baja, cuando se compara con la de otros países, sugiriendo un sub-registro residual a pesar de la recuperación, lo que requiere una mejoría de la calidad de los registros. Son necesarias medidas de prevención sensibles a las diferencias de género.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Accidents, Occupational/mortality , Agriculture/statistics & numerical data , Rural Population , Brazil/epidemiology , Information Systems , Accidents, Occupational/classification , Sex Factors , Risk Factors , Cause of Death
8.
Braz. j. biol ; 74(1): 52-61, 2/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-715594

ABSTRACT

Widely spread in the tropics, yams were introduced into Brazil during the colonial period and are currently grown throughout the country. Despite its importance as a pharmacological and food source, there is a lack of studies describing how and where this tuber is grown in Brazil. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the cultivation and distribution of Dioscorea alata in different Brazilian regions. A total of 63 farmers were visited in different municipalities and communities in four regions in the country: South, Southeast, Northeast and Midwest. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect socio-economic, use, management and diversity data for this crop. The majority of interviewers were men, married, with children, using retirement benefits and agriculture as income and family labour as the main support in the yam cultivation. A wide distribution of this species was found, with the occurrence of D. alata in the four sampled regions. A variety of vernacular names for this species was collected, differing according to the region where it is cultivated. Most farmers cultivate yams in fields, however an increased usage of home gardens for the cultivation of this tuber was found. Also, most farmers cultivate yams in association with other crops in areas of different sizes and slash and burn practices, although mostly disappearing, are still being used by many farmers. The results of this study provide more concrete data on the distribution and diversity of this important crop.


Amplamente difundido nos trópicos, o inhame entrou no Brasil na época da colonização e atualmente é cultivado em todo o país. Apesar de sua importância como cultura alimentícia e farmacológica, são raros os estudos que identifiquem como e onde esse tubérculo está sendo cultivado no Brasil. Este estudo teve como objetivo apresentar um panorama do cultivo e distribuição da espécie Dioscorea alata L. em diversas regiões do Brasil. Para tanto, foram visitados 63 agricultores em diferentes municípios, distribuídos entre o Sul, Sudeste, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste do país. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas, nas quais foram levantados dados socioeconômicos, bem como sobre o uso, manejo e diversidade dessa espécie. A maioria dos entrevistados eram homens casados, com filhos, que possuíam aposentadoria e a agricultura como principais fontes de renda. Constatou-se que a mão-de-obra familiar está bastante envolvida com o cultivo de inhame. Uma ampla distribuição da espécie foi observada, com a ocorrência de D. alata nas quatro regiões amostradas. Grande diversidade de nomes populares foi observada para a espécie neste estudo, com diferenças na nomenclatura popular em função das diferentes regiões onde a mesma é cultivada. A maioria dos agricultores cultiva inhame em roças, no entanto a importância dos quintais foi observada em vários municípios. Verificou-se também que a maioria dos entrevistados cultiva o inhame em consorciação com outras culturas e que a prática do pousio ainda é utilizada por muitos dos agricultores. Os resultados deste estudo permitiram gerar dados mais concretos sobre a distribuição e diversidade desta importante cultura.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Agriculture/methods , Biodiversity , Crops, Agricultural/classification , Dioscorea/classification , Agriculture/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Geography , Interviews as Topic , Socioeconomic Factors
9.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 1610-1617, 2014.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-110672

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and exposure to rural environments. Studies were identified through OVID MEDLINE and EMBASE search up to September 2013 using as keywords rural residence, farmers, and pesticide exposure. Twenty-two studies were included for this meta-analysis. Summary odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using random effect model by type of exposure index, and subgroup analyses were conducted according to study design, gender, region, case ascertainment, and exposure assessment. The risk of ALS was significantly increased with pesticide exposure (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.22-1.70) and with farmers (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.17-1.73), but was not significant with rural residence (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 0.84-1.87). The risk estimates for subgroup analysis between pesticide exposure and ALS indicated a significant positive association with men (OR, 1.96), and in studies using El Escorial criteria for ALS definition (OR, 1.63) and expert judgment for pesticide exposure (OR, 2.04) as well. No significant publication bias was observed. Our findings support the association of pesticide exposure and an increased risk for ALS, stressing that the use of more specific exposure information resulted in more significant associations.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Age Distribution , Agriculture/statistics & numerical data , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/epidemiology , Environmental Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Incidence , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Pesticides/analysis , Proportional Hazards Models , Risk Factors , Sex Distribution
10.
Rev. nutr ; 26(3): 335-342, May-June 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-680220

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Contribuir para a promoção da aquisição de produtos da agricultura familiar para a alimentação escolar em Territórios da Cidadania do País. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo de intervenção com abordagem de articulação de redes intersetoriais presenciais, desenvolvidas a partir da atuação de equipes compostas por nutricionista, educador popular e engenheiro agrônomo ou técnico agrícola, que visitaram, por pelo menos dois momentos, todos os municípios pertencentes aos Territórios da Cidadania, visando articular redes intersetoriais presenciais capazes de desencadear processos locais de mobilização, organização e apoderamento de diferentes atores para a aquisição de produtos da agricultura familiar para a alimentação escolar nos municípios que compõem os referidos territórios. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mais expressivos foram: 14% dos municípios visitados apresentaram melhora na organização da agricultura familiar; 14% dos gestores passaram a apoiar o processo de aquisição de alimentos segundo a Lei nº 11.947/2009, e 27% dos municípios que não possuíam nutricionista contrataram o profissional. Não foram considerados satisfatórios os resultados obtidos para situação do Conselho de Alimentação Escolar. CONCLUSÃO: As ações desenvolvidas foram capazes de contribuir positivamente para o avanço da implementação da Lei Federal nº 11.947/2009 nos Territórios de Cidadania abordados.


OBJECTIVE: This study hopes to promote the acquisition of family farm products for school meals in Brazil's Territories of Citizenship. METHODS: This intervention study coordinated intersectoral networks face-to-face. The networks consisted of teams composed of a dietician, popular educator, and agronomist or agronomy technician. These teams visited all municipalities within the Citizenship Territories at least twice to coordinate the said networks, capable of promoting local mobilization processes, organization, and empowerment of different actors to acquire family farm products for school meals in the said municipalities. RESULTS: The most expressive results were: 14% of the municipalities improved the family farm organization; 14% of the managers began to support the food acquisition process according to Law nº 11.947/2009; and 27% of the municipalities without a dietician hired one. The results were not considered satisfactory by the School Food Council. CONCLUSION: The actions were capable of promoting the implementation of the Federal Law Lei Federal nº 11.947/2009 in the study Territories of Citizenship.


Subject(s)
Agriculture/statistics & numerical data , School Feeding , Nutrition Programs and Policies
11.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 110(4): 350-358, ago. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-657472

ABSTRACT

El trabajo infantil constituye una compleja problemática que vulnera los derechos fundamentales de la niñez y afecta el desarrollo psicofísico de niños y niñas. La Argentina ha adoptado la postura abolicionista, promoviendo su prevención y erradicación dentro de una política pública inclusiva, destinada a que todos los niños y las niñas puedan ejercer sus derechos. La Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría adhiere a esta postura y se propone, como línea de acción, la formación del equipo de salud y la difusión sobre los riesgos del trabajo infantil y las normas de seguridad del trabajo adolescente. Como pediatras debemos involucrarnos en la defensa de los derechos y capacitarnos para detectar cualquier situación de trabajo infantil, de modo de proteger la salud de los niños, niñas y adolescentes. La interacción conjunta con la familia, la comunidad y otros sectores de la sociedad fortalecerán la red necesaria que posibilite implementar las políticas de erradicación del trabajo infantil.


Child labor is a complex problem that violates the fundamental rights of children and affects their psychophysical development. Child labor affects 215 million children in the world and 115 million perform activities defined as the "worst forms of child labor". Most child labor is in agriculture (60%), where the majority are unpaid family workers, compared to 26% in services and 7% in industry. Argentina has adopted the abolitionist position, promoting prevention and eradication within an inclusive public policy aimed to all children can exercise their rights. The Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría endorses this approach and proposes a course of action: the health team training, and dissemination of the risks of child labor and occupational teenager safety standards. As pediatricians we must be involved in defending children rights, and be able to detect any situation of child labor, and protect the health of children and adolescents. The joint interaction with family, community and other sectors of society will strengthen the network needed to implement child labor erradication policies.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Male , Child Advocacy , Employment , Social Problems , Argentina , Agriculture/statistics & numerical data , Child Development/physiology , Child Welfare/history , Employment/classification , Employment/history , Employment/legislation & jurisprudence , Social Problems/legislation & jurisprudence , Social Problems/prevention & control
12.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 17(6): 1543-1555, jun. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-626678

ABSTRACT

O presente trabalho utiliza como instrumento de análise o Modelo de FPEEEA (OMS) visando a caracterização dos riscos à saúde do trabalhador rural e ao ambiente decorrentes do uso intensivo de agrotóxicos no estado do Rio de Janeiro, a partir do levantamento de documentos oficiais públicos e de revisão de literatura (nacional e internacional). Enfatizam-se os dois principais ramos representativos do estado: a agricultura familiar na Região Serrana e a monocultura da cana-de-açúcar na região Norte Fluminense. Resultados mostram que grande parte dos determinantes identificados na Matriz FPEEEA encontra-se relacionada às deficiências nas ações de fiscalização e vigilância do uso de agrotóxicos e de assistência técnica por parte do Poder Público, no estado do RJ. A maioria das ações desenvolvidas, no estado, se concentra no enfrentamento dos efeitos e, em menor escala, da exposição, deixando de focar os níveis mais superiores da matriz (como as forças motrizes e a pressão), apontados por diferentes autores como mais adequados ao enfrentamento de problemas complexos e sistêmicos como o objeto do presente estudo. Buscou-se habilitar a aplicação do Modelo FPEEEA para o subsídio de ações de vigilância em saúde ambiental e em saúde do trabalhador.


This paper seeks to apply the DPSEEA model (WHO) to identify major health risks to rural workers and the environment associated with the intensive use of pesticides in the State of Rio de Janeiro, based on an analysis of official public documents and a review of the (national and international) literature. It emphasizes the two main representative branches of agriculture in the state: family farming in the mountain region and the monoculture of sugarcane in the flatlands. Results show that the bulk of the determinants identified in the DPSEEA Matrix are related to deficiencies in actions for monitoring and surveillance of pesticide use, as well as a lack of technical assistance provided by the Public Sector in Rio de Janeiro State. Most of the actions developed in the state address the effects of pesticide exposure and, to a lesser extent, exposure to these chemicals, failing to focus on the higher levels of the matrix (such as driving forces and pressure). These are considered, by several authors, as the most appropriate when tackling the complex and systemic issues, such as the scope of this paper. By means of this study, an attempt was made to enable the application of the DPSEEA Model to assist in environmental and occupational health surveillance initiatives.


Subject(s)
Humans , Agriculture/standards , Agriculture/statistics & numerical data , Models, Statistical , Occupational Exposure/standards , Occupational Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Occupational Health/standards , Occupational Health/statistics & numerical data , Pesticides/adverse effects , World Health Organization , Brazil , Public Health , Risk Assessment , Rural Health
13.
Braz. dent. j ; 23(6): 753-757, 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-662438

ABSTRACT

South American blastomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis (Pb mycosis) or Lutz disease is an endemically fungal infection in Latin America. It is caused by the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and may cause oral mucosal lesions. The incidence of Pb mycosis oral lesions was evaluated in patients assisted at a Brazilian Dental School's Specialized Oral Diagnosis Service with special focus on the different clinical forms of these lesions, its location, patients' occupation, deleterious habits, and diagnosis methodology. Students' and professionals' initial diagnoses were compared with the definitive diagnosis. Lesions were detected 31 cases (18 patients). The results show that 88.8% of the patients were male with a mean age of 50 years and 39% work(ed) with activities related to agriculture. As much as 88.9% were smokers and 72.2% were alcohol users. Exfoliative cytology was performed in 66.6% of the patients. Oral mucosa (30%), gingiva (16.6%) and lips 16.6% were the most common sites of Pb mycosis oral lesions. Comparing the initial with the definitive diagnosis made by the professionals their accuracy was 33% (6 out of 18 patients). Students' diagnosis was more accurate demonstrating 72.5% of initial correct diagnosis (13 out of 18). Statistical analysis by ANOVA (α=0.05, SPSS WIN) demonstrated a significant difference between the diagnosis of Pb mycosis made by students and professionals when considering initial diagnosis and final diagnosis (after histopathological analysis) (p=0.25). Incisional biopsy and exfoliate cytology are efficient for an early diagnosis of this disease in mouth. Students' training in diagnosis of oral pathologies to recognize lesions is urgent to improve public health.


A blastomicose sul americana, paracoccidiodomicose (Pb micose) ou doença de Lutz é uma infecção fúngica endêmica na América Latina. É causada pelo fungo dimórfico Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis, e pode causar lesões na mucosa oral. Nós avaliamos a incidência de lesões orais de Pb micose nos pacientes atendidos em um Centro Especializado em Diagnóstico Oral com foco principal nas diferentes formas clinicas das lesões, suas localidades, ocupação dos pacientes, hábitos deletérios e diagnóstico e metodologia, e foram detectados 31 casos (18 pacientes). Os resultados mostraram que 88,8% dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino com idade média de 50 anos de idade, e 39% trabalham, ou trabalhavam, com atividades relacionadas à agricultura. Observou-se que 88,9% eram fumantes e 72,2% ingeriam álcool. Citologia esfoliativa foi feita em 66,6%. Mucosa jugal foi acometida em 30%, gengiva, e lábios 16% (cada um) foram os locais mais comuns de lesões orais da Pb micose. Comparando o diagnóstico inicial com o definitivo feito pelos profissionais, a acurácia foi de 33%; o diagnóstico dos estudantes foi mais preciso demonstrando 72,5% do diagnóstico inicial correto com diferença estatística significante (p=0,25) através do teste ANOVA do SPSS WIN com nível de significância de 5%. Biópsia incisonal e citologia esfoliativa são eficientes para um diagnóstico precoce desta doença na boca; o treinamento dos estudantes em diagnóstico para reconhecer as patologias orais é urgente para melhorar a saúde pública.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Mouth Diseases/microbiology , Paracoccidioidomycosis/epidemiology , Age Factors , Agriculture/statistics & numerical data , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cytodiagnosis/statistics & numerical data , Diagnosis, Differential , Early Diagnosis , Gingival Diseases/microbiology , Health Behavior , Incidence , Lip Diseases/microbiology , Mouth Diseases/epidemiology , Mouth Mucosa/microbiology , Occupations/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies , Sex Factors , Smoking/epidemiology
14.
Neotrop. entomol ; 40(4): 483-488, July-Aug. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-599810

ABSTRACT

The production and quality of eucalyptus plantations have been studied in areas with different densities of ant nests, being important to estimate losses caused by leaf-cutting ants. The effects of leaf-cutting ant on wood production in differents productivity sites were studied in eucalyptus plantations in the region of Atlantic Forest, Minas Gerais State, Brazil from 2003 to 2006. Data of plots of the continuous forest inventory and data of leaf-cutting ant monitoring in eucalyptus plantations were obtained. Each unitary increment in the area of Atta spp. nests per hectare reduced the wood production of the eucalyptus forest between 0.04 and 0.13 m³.ha-1, resulting in a level of economic damage for leaf-cutting ants between 13.4 and 39.2 m².ha-1, in this region. Moreover, this study innovated when using indices of forest productivity (site index) that promote better adjustment of the models and produce estimate more accurate of the level of economic damage for leaf-cutting ants in cultivated forests, allowing to conclude that the increase of the total area of ant nests reduces the wooden volume of eucalyptus, proportionally to the productive potential of the forest.


Subject(s)
Animals , Ants , Agriculture/economics , Agriculture/statistics & numerical data , Eucalyptus/parasitology , Brazil , Trees
15.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 13(2): 235-239, 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-596400

ABSTRACT

Desenvolveu-se ensaio de cultivo de Calendula officinalis, variando-se os tipos de adubação e utilização de cobertura morta na observação da produção de inflorescências, droga vegetal e quantificação dos flavonóides presentes nestes materiais.O delineamento experimental adotado foi de blocos casualizados com 3 repetições, em arranjo fatorial de 3 x 2, constituído de seis tratamentos, sendo 1. adubação química (100 kg de N ha-1 + 50 kg de P ha-1); 2. adubação química + cobertura morta (grama seca - Paspalum notatum); 3. adubação orgânica (esterco bovino curtido 50 t ha-1); 4. adubação orgânica + cobertura morta; 5. sem adubação química ou orgânica + cobertura morta; 6. sem adubação química ou orgânica e sem cobertura morta (testemunha). Os resultados de número capítulos produzidos, massa seca das inflorescências e massa da droga vegetal foram totalizados após cinco meses do plantio. A quantificação de flavonóides foi realizada através de método espectrofotométrico. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente (ANOVA/Teste Tukey-Kramer-5 por cento) e mostraram diferenças significativas (70 por cento superior) no número de inflorescências, massa seca das inflorescências e massa da droga vegetal entre o tratamento com adubação orgânica (3) e os tratamentos sem adubação química ou orgânica com cobertura morta (5) e o testemunha (6). As demais comparações, inclusive o teor de flavonóides, entre os diversos tratamentos não resultaram em diferenças significativas.


Calendula officinalis was experimentally grown under field conditions with different fertilization types and mulching in order to evaluate inflorescence production, plant drugs and flavonoid levels. Experimental design was in randomized blocks, with 3 replicates, in a 3x2 factorial arrangement, consisting of six treatments, as follows: 1. chemical fertilization (100 kg N ha-1 + 50 kg P ha-1); 2. chemical fertilization + mulch (dry grass - Paspalum notatum); 3. organic fertilization (cured bovine manure 50 t ha-1); 4. organic fertilization + mulch; 5. no chemical or organic fertilization + mulch; 6. no chemical or organic fertilization and no mulch (control). Data regarding number of produced capitula, dry matter of inflorescences and plant drug matter were totaled after five months of planting. Flavonoids were quantified by spectrophotometry. The results were statistically analyzed (ANOVA / Tukey-Kramer test-5 percent) and showed significant differences (70 percent higher) for number of inflorescences, inflorescence dry matter and plant drug matter between the treatment with organic fertilization (3) and treatments with no chemical or organic fertilization with mulching (5) and control (6). The remaining comparisons, including flavonoid content, did not result in significant differences among treatments.


Subject(s)
Manure/analysis , Agriculture/statistics & numerical data , Calendula/chemistry , Efficiency/classification , Plant Structures/chemistry , Flavonoids/analysis , Agriculture , Analysis of Variance , Brazil , Calendula/growth & development
16.
Rev. salud pública ; 12(2): 300-307, abr. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-560858

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Determinar la frecuencia de uso de plaguicidas en la producción agropecuaria, porcícola y avícola, para comprender su influencia en el recurso hídrico en la vereda Monterredondo del municipio San Pedro de los Milagros (Antioquia) y establecer un diagnostico de su calidad. Métodos Se aplicó una encuesta domiciliaria al 100 por ciento de las familias de la vereda, sobre el uso de productos químicos y se realizaron dos análisis, el fisicoquímico y el microbiológico a tres muestras de agua en el laboratorio de Ingeniería Ambiental de la Universidad de Antioquia bajo métodos estandarizados. Resultados La quebrada El Hato presenta una contaminación por Coliformes de 1 600x103 NMP/100ml y por E.coli de 220x10 NMP/100ml. La quebrada Fray Juana presenta un grado de contaminación de 1 600x103 NMP/100ml de Coliformes. Se encontró igualmente una contaminación de las fuentes hídricas por el uso de diversos plaguicidas como: Lorsban® (Clorpirifos), Ráfaga® (Clorpirifos), Látigo® (Clorpirifos), Neguvón® (Metrifonato), Furadán® (Carbofurán). Con insecticidas como, Ganabaño® (Cibermetrina) y desinfectantes como, Límpido® (Hipoclorito de sodio 6 por ciento). Conclusión La producción agropecuaria, porcícola y avícola en la vereda, está generando impactos negativos en el recurso hídrico, por la disminución y la contaminación de éste. Las aguas de las muestras analizadas, no son aptas para el consumo de seres vivos.


Objective Determining the frequency of pesticide use in agricultural, pig and poultry production to understand its influence on water resources in the village of Monterredondo in the municipality of San Pedro de Los Milagros (Antioquia) and diagnosing its quality. Methods 100 percent of the households in the village were surveyed regarding chemical use. Physicochemical and microbiological analysis of three water samples was carried out in the Universidad de Antioquia's Environmental Engineering laboratory using standardised methods. Results The Hato stream was contaminated by 1,600x103 NMP/100ml coliforms and 220x10 NMP/100ml E. coli. The Fray Juana stream had 1,600x103 NMP/100ml coliform contamination. Water sources were also contaminated by the use of pesticides such as Lorsban (chlorpyriphs), Burst (chlorpyriphs), Whip (chlorpyriphs), Neguvon (metriphonate) and Furadan (carbophuran) and insecticides like Ganabaño (cypermethryn) and disinfectants and Limpido (6 percent sodium hypochlorite). Conclusion Agricultural, pig and poultry production in the village has been producing a negative impact on water resources due to its reduced availability and pollution. The water from the samples analysed here was not suitable for human consumption.


Subject(s)
Agrochemicals/analysis , Enterobacteriaceae/isolation & purification , Pesticide Residues/analysis , Water Microbiology , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , Water Pollution/analysis , Agriculture/statistics & numerical data , Animal Husbandry/statistics & numerical data , Colombia , Data Collection , Disinfectants/analysis , Fresh Water/chemistry , Fresh Water/microbiology , Water Pollution, Chemical/analysis , Water Supply/standards
17.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 138(3): 289-294, mar. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-548162

ABSTRACT

Background: Culture is defined by the Webster's dictionary as acquaintance with and taste infine arts, humanities, and broad aspects ofscience as distinguished from vocational and technical skills. Aim: To assess the general cultural knowledge of university students. Material andMethods: A test containing 58 questions about art, national and universal literature, national and universal history, mythology science and trivial national issues was designed and applied to 251 medical students in Santiago (149 from first year and 86 from fifth year, Universidad de Chile) and 138 agronomy students in Valdivia (61 from first year and 77 from fifth year, Universidad Austral de Chile). Results: All students answered the test. Medical students from first and fifth year omitted 19 and 15 percent of questions respectively The figures for first and fifth year agronomy students were 23 percent each. The percentage of corred answers among first and fifth year medical students was 50 and 59 percent respectively. The figures for first and fifth year agronomy students were 39 and 44 percent respectively. The questions with higher rates of corred answers were those about trivial issues. Conclusions: There was a high rate of omissions and wrong answers about general cultural issues among university students particularly in national cultural subjects.


Subject(s)
Humans , Culture , Knowledge , Students/statistics & numerical data , Agriculture/education , Agriculture/statistics & numerical data , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Universities
18.
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health ; : 535-542, 2010.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-103484

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Exposure assessment is a major challenge faced by studies that evaluate the association between pesticide exposure and adverse health outcomes. The objective of this study was to investigate the reliability of information that farmers self-report regarding their pesticide use. METHODS: Twenty five items based upon existing questionnaires were designed to focus on pesticide exposure. In 2009 a self-administrated survey was conducted on two occasions four weeks apart among 205 farmers residing in Gyeonggi and Gangwon provinces. For a reliability measure, we calculated the percentage agreement, the kappa statistics and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between the two reports according to the characteristics of the subjects. RESULTS: Agreement for ever-never use of any pesticide was 96.4% (kappa 0.61). For both 'years used' and 'age at the first use' of overall pesticides, high agreement was obtained (ICC: 0.88 and, 0.78, respectively), whereas those of 'days used' and 'hours used' were relatively low (ICC: 0.42 and, 0.66, respectively). The kappa value for the use of personal protective equipment ranged from 0.46 to 0.59, and hygiene activities came out at 0.19 to 0.37. The agreement for individual pesticide use ranged widely and there was relatively low agreement due to the low response rates. The reliability scores did not significantly vary according to gender, age, the education level, the types of crop or the years of farming. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support that carefully designed, self-reported information on ever-never pesticide use among farmers is reliable. However, the reliability of data on individual pesticide exposure may be unstable due to low response rates and needs to be refined.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Agriculture/statistics & numerical data , Occupational Exposure/prevention & control , Pesticides , Protective Clothing , Self Report
19.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 12(2): 133-138, Apr. 2008. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-486314

ABSTRACT

The aim of this paper was to study some epidemiological aspects of the infection by Brucella abortus in risk occupational groups in the microregion of Araguaína, Tocantins. For antibody research, 645 serum samples were analyzed by the complement fixation test (CF). A 4.0 percent frequency was found (26/645) in patients' serum and among those 4.1 percent (23/551) were slaughterhouses employees and 8.1 percent (3/37) rural workers. Of the total positive samples, three (2.0 percent) were women and 23 (4.7 percent) men; ten (2.9 percent) were between the ages of 18 and 30, six (3.4 percent) between 31 and 40, and nine (8.0 percent) were above 41 years of age. Risk factors for brucellosis in the study groups were age, background (OR = 2.45; CI 95 percent = 0.98 to 6.10) and previous work conducted with production animals (OR 2.36; CI 95 percent = 0.95 to 6.02). It was concluded that the infection by Brucella abortus is found in some risk occupational groups in the microregion of Araguaína, Tocantins, and control and prophylactic measures must be implemented emphasizing risk factors identified in the study.


Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Cattle , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Brucella abortus/immunology , Brucellosis/epidemiology , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Abattoirs/statistics & numerical data , Agriculture/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Brucellosis/diagnosis , Complement Fixation Tests , Occupational Diseases/diagnosis , Risk Factors , Veterinarians/statistics & numerical data , Young Adult
20.
Neotrop. entomol ; 35(4): 511-515, July-Aug. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-451251

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as perdas causadas por lagartas de Hyalospila ptychis (Dyar) em coqueiro da variedade anã-verde (Cocos nucifera L.), no município de Una, BA. Para isso, foram inspecionadas mensalmente, de abril de 1997 a março de 1998, as inflorescências de 100 árvores distribuídas numa área de 15 ha, registrando-se o número de frutos por inflorescência, os frutos atacados por H. ptychis e os perdidos por outras causas. O número de frutos por inflorescência apresentou variação sazonal. As perdas médias causadas pela praga foram da ordem de 2 por cento e a proporção média de frutos que abortaram por causa desconhecida foi de 59,4 por cento. O número de frutos perdidos por outras causas e o número de frutos atacados por H. ptychis acompanharam a variação sazonal do número de frutos por inflorescência. A percentagem de frutos atacados por H. ptychis foi correlacionada significativa e positivamente com a temperatura média mensal.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the losses provoked by the moth Hyalospila ptychis (Dyar) on green-dwarf coconut trees at Una, State of Bahia, Brazil. Inflorescences of 100 trees were inspected monthly, from April 1997 to March 1998, in a 15 ha orchard. The number of coconuts per inflorescence, fruits damaged by H. ptychis, and fruit losses due to other causes, were recorded. The number of nuts per inflorescence followed a seasonal variation. The average losses caused by the pest were around 2 percent of the coconuts and the proportion of losses due to other causes was 59,4 percent. The number of coconuts lost for other causes and attacked by H. ptychis followed the seasonal variation of the number of fruits per inflorescence. The percent of coconuts attacked by H. ptychis was significantly and positively correlated with monthly average temperature.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cocos , Moths , Plant Diseases/parasitology , Agriculture/statistics & numerical data
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